Critical Response Essay Free Essays

In the article â€Å"Pandemic or Panic† (2010) by Brian Molloy and the article â€Å"Hindsight is easy† (2010) by Erica Grove, the two of them examine the way WHO reaction to the flare-up of H1N1 flu and they present alternate points of view on how the cash was spent on and how the asset was disseminated. Molloy is impartial about the WHO’s reaction of H1N1 flu episode, while Molloy is exceptionally doubtful. Initially, Molloy contends that WHO send everybody into a frenzy about H1N1, yet it isn't the danger individuals imaged it to be. We will compose a custom exposition test on Basic Response Essay or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Woods, notwithstanding, states that it is vital for the WHO and the legislature to takeâ the danger of H1N1 genuinely. Next, Molloy claims that British government spend a great deal of cash on immunization which makes two significant pharmaceutical organizations acquire billions from pig influenza, and there is an irreconcilable situation between the administration and medication produces. He accepts that this cash ought to be spent on a correct circumstance like crippling as opposed to rewarding influenza. Forest additionally accepts that there is a bungle of the dispersion of antibody. Conversation: Molloy claims that the WHO and the administration spends enormous use on portions of antibody, while the demise rateâ for H1N1 is far low than for normal flu. He condemns the reports of H1N1 cases are overstated which send individuals into a frenzy about H1N1. Paradoxically, Grove expresses that the WHO didn't blow up to the emergency. Or maybe, she feels appreciative that the specialists paid attention to the danger of a pandemic. She likewise calls attention to that everything is in every case preferred to overprepare over to underprepare. Molloy seems to have disregarded that the incredible of infection can be. Truth be told, there are two or three variables like infectivity, seriousness and lethality which would all be able to influence the quality of an infection. Transmission is additionally a key factor to decide how the infection spread and be distinguished. As Molloy specifies that the passing rate for H1N1 is generally low than for standard pandemic, it doesn't imply that H1N1 is a frail flu. Maybe the low demise rate is because of early follow the source, contaminated individuals are all around confined from the remainder of the network so as to control the spread of H1N1, or blend of another antibody by researchers in a brief timeframe. These could be one reason of why the passing rate for H1N1 is low. In this sense, Molloy neglect to see that. The most effective method to refer to Critical Response Essay, Essays

Business and Management for Engineers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business and Management for Engineers - Essay Example Its administration stays in charge during the time of Chapter 11 however interestingly, it gives the organization â€Å"automatic stay† and â€Å"breathing room† to take care of its business by not permitting gatherings to make lawful move or remove its advantages (http://www.gmreinvention.com). General Motors was initially established on September 16, 1908 as a holding organization for Buick by two accomplices, William C. Durant and Charles S. Mott. After two years or around 1910, Durant lost control of General Motors as a result of a default in its bank advance commitments. Be that as it may, he had the option to recover control through an intermediary war he pursued by utilizing the Chevrolet Motor Car Company to secure offers furtively yet then he lost control again when the vehicle showcase fallen during the Great Depression. General Motors Corporation was a piece of the purported three commanders in American business †the other two being General Electric and General Mills. Long periods of bungle and a bureaucratic corporate culture prompted its breakdown in the last monetary emergency and is currently possessed by the US government through its Treasury Department under the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP); it was overwhelmed by Toyota a year ago. After its rebuilding under Chapter 11 principles, it is presently a constrained risk organization. It implies being a LLC, it gives restricted obligation to its proprietors which are the US government and to a lesser degree, additionally the Canadian government. Other present proprietors incorporate the United Auto Workers Union Employee Association and different bondholders of Motors Liquidation Corporation (the new name of General Motors while it is experiencing recovery at present) while the past investors of the organization are currently holding useless bits of paper as organization liabilities are a lot more noteworthy than its all out resources (a negative total assets of $86 billion). Prior to the rebuilding, it was a

Im laughing out loud

I’m laughing out loud Its pre-finals week. Today is the last day of classes. Projects are due, one of my friends slept for one hour last night, I have to submit a paper draft to my research advisor tonight, I e-mailed a paper to my music professor last night, and frankly everyone is just counting down the minutes until the day is over. For me, laughter is the best therapy (fortunately, it really doesnt take much to make me laugh hysterically). On the off-chance that it will also be therapeutic to you, here are a few things that have made me laugh over the past few days. Brace yourself for insight into my sense of humor: 1) This article. 2) My bff Sam B. 14s post on my Facebook wall, linking me to the first trailer for Sherlock Season 3 (EEEEEEE!!!!) and saying  Forget science. Im dropping out to be a Benedict Cumberbatch fangirl. Sam is a brilliant physicist so cross your fingers that Sherlock Season 3 is really bad. 3) This blog post, which I re-read in order to answer an e-mail. Hysterical: the line  I cant type endless text into my essays whats happening PLEASE HALP  rfongs 180-word fanfiction about m_quinn in the comments section m_quinns assertion that Chris Peterson might be bashful about something. Anything. 4) An invitation I received from my bff Cam T. 13, for his upcoming apartment-warming party. It read: The Hodge Podge Lodge presents: Apartment | Warming Featuring: 100% more chest hair. Real people / four grown man-children. Other people from who knows where Furniture by IKEA I met Cam during blogger orientation my freshman year :) he drove me to IKEA so that I could get some furniture. Also, while were at it, Cams first blog post makes me laugh every time I read it. 5) This article. 6)  This video. 7) A series of e-mails from my bff Sophie W. 14. Background: at the end of each semester, MIT undergraduates are flooded by e-mails reminding us to fill out subject evaluations. In the spring, Sophie forwarded the following e-mail to me: From: [emailprotected] [[emailprotected]] Subject: on line course evaluations You are receiving this because you have not yet done your on line course eval for 9.00. Please take a moment to do this. http://web.mit.edu/subjectevaluation and wrote: I. Hate. These. Emails. Any motivation I have to fill out subject evaluations before the last minutes decreases exponentially when I receive something like this. A couple of days ago, Sophie forwarded the following e-mail to me: From: UA Committee on Education [[emailprotected]] Subject: Please complete online subject evaluations Dear Fellow Student, I am writing to remind you that you have until Monday, December 16 at 9 AM to complete your evaluations. And, I know you?ll be pleased to hear that this term, most departments are using a new, SHORT set of universally relevant questions. Visit http://web.mit.edu/subjectevaluation It only takes 3-5 minutes to complete a subject evaluation and it?s a great way to contribute to curricular improvements at MIT. Your constructive comments, in particular, will have an impact. Please consider both the aspects of the subject that you liked and those you think could be improved when filling out your surveys. The evaluation system is supported by a team from the Office of Faculty Support, the Office of the Dean for Undergraduate Education, and Information Services and Technology, with advice from the UA Committee on Education. If you have any questions, please contact the project team at [emailprotected] Thank you, Chair, UA Committee on Education with the message: AGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGHHHHHHHHHHHH SHUTUPSHUTUPSHUTUPSHUTUP. I hate this time of year. Its comforting to know that through all the vicissitudes of life, the ebbs and flows, the comings and goings and the stresses and dramatic changes and mood swings and changes in extracurricular commitments and global warming slowly destroying our planet Sophie will always find subject evaluation e-mail reminders really, really annoying. 3 8) Finally, this isnt funny at all, but for your continued entertainment here is a picture of a baby ocelot held by my boyfriend:

Essay on Mental Illness and Society - 1388 Words

This essay will focus completely on Mental illness in the UK. To gather my research I used various resources such as websites and books. I have also viewed YouTube videos in order to expand my knowledge. The statistics gathered may not be totally accurate in discussing mental health within the UK for the sources are secondary but it is reliable for giving a view of what the distribution is like amongst gender, age, class as well as ethnicity. When looking at the British society, mental health disorders are actually extremely common. When viewing the National Statistics, it stated that about one in six adults will have a mental health problem. Leading to an additional study, stating that around 30 individuals out of every 100 will†¦show more content†¦The spread of mental illness continues to be of concern especially in Britain. For statistic say that 70% of the prison population has a mental health disorder. As known, there are a high quantity of mental health disorders. As each 7 year period arrives, the English government do a survey in order to measure the various disorders which are common in our society today. This survey was done in 2009 and reported that for depression 2.6 in 100 people were diagnosed. As for anxiety, 4.7 in 100 people, phobias, 2.6 in 100 people, OCD, 1.3 in 100 people, eating disorders, 1.6 in 100 people. This survey also covered bipolar, schizophrenia and personality disorders. It enclo sed that as for personality disorders, 3 to 5 people in every 100 are suffering. Another concern is the distribution of mental illness across the UK. The graph below was taken from the Health Survey department of England March 2011. The main purpose of this graph is to show the proportion of people aged 16 to retirement who are seen as being at risk of mental illness. (Image 1) From looking at the graph it is clear to see that the risk of mental illness is high amongst each region. The region that is of highest is the west midlands which covers places such as Coventry, Birmingham, Wolverhampton, leister and other places. In addition, the region with lowest risk is Yorkshire and Humber, which covers places such as Sheffield, Doncaster, Leeds, Hull and other areas. In support of the statisticShow MoreRelatedMental Illness And Its Effects On Society1164 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough the terrain of life, people might struggle with keeping up with daily routines and the demands of day to day living; Although life seems tough from the outset, problems of mental health place more obstacles upon the individual and his or her family and friends. Without a doubt, there are many expectations that society or one may have. For instance, getting eight hours of sleep, having a social life, exercising at least an hour a day, working towards a good career, going to school, pursuing personalRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Society985 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In the United States, there are many people who suffer from a mental illness. Mental illness is described as causing disruptions in one’s emotional state, thought processes, and behaviors. When analyzing this this concept, one can see that mental illness is a blanket term that encompasses a wide array of mental disorders that range from mild or to severe. No one completely understands the direct cause of mental illness. Some believe that it is attributed to a biological component which arguesRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Society Essay1923 Words   |  8 Pagesindividuals, who live or know of someone who is living with some form of mental illness. These individuals have many barriers placed upon them by society and have fallen victim to negative social stigmas. Individuals who are experiencing a mental crisis whether it may be a result of a diagnosed mental illness or an erratic episode brought on by mental instability have had negative social stigmas placed on them from almost entire societies. These negative stigmas come from the lack of knowledge and negativeRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Society1405 Words   |  6 Pagesonce stated, â€Å"Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of, but stigma and bias shame us all.† Mental illness comes with multiple influences towards the daily life of an individual. On one hand, these individuals must try to manage the symptoms that arise with their disease. Mental health disorders can affect the way individuals perform at their jobs, their social life, and even being able to live alone (Corrigan Penn, 1997). On the other hand, the way society tends to view mental illnesses leadsRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effect On Society2346 Words   |  10 Pagesheart diseases, in the same context, mental illness is a general phrase used for a group of illnesses affecting cognition (Department of Health, 2015). People faced with mental illness are been stigmatized and assumed by the society to be dangerous, dirty, worthless, and unpredictable. This amongst other reasons is why most people refuse the introduction of a mental health clinic in the community (Meadows et al., 2012). Even though Patient with severe mental illness treated in the community have shownRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On The Society946 Words   |  4 PagesWhether someone is struggling on schoolwork or contemplating suicide, it is typical to feel pity for their situation. As a result, society works towards helping those who struggle with worse mental health through various resources such as counseling or psychopharmaceuticals. The majority of society believes that treatment for those with mental illness is beneficial to the society. However, Eric G. Wilson, the Thomas H. Pritchard Professor of English at Wake Forest University and leading expert in the relationshipsRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Society Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesmedia outlets that portrayed menta l illness in their articles, there were some that continuously popped up in my searches. For example, CTV News and CBC News were two of many sources that contained the articles regarding an Ottawa man who was found not criminally responsible (NCR) last Thursday after he attacked a stranger with a hammer. At the time of the attack, Weber was on his way back to a transitional group home. He d been released from the Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre less than twoRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Society1461 Words   |  6 Pages Mental illness affects millions of people in the United States and in other countries. Disabling mental illness is seen in and out of local hospitals and other skilled nursing facilities daily. Timby and Smith (2011) define schizophrenia as a thought disorder characterized by deterioration in mental functioning, disturbances in sensory perception, and changes in affect. Schizophrenia effects about one percent of the population and shows no regard to ethnicity, culture, or environmentRead MoreIs American Society Breed Mental Illness?1250 Words   |  5 PagesNation of Anxiety Does American Society Breed Mental Illness? Over the past couple decades, disabling mental illness has drastically increased in the United States. Among these, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association Of America, GAD is characterized by persistent, excessive, and unrealistic worry about everyday things. This disorder is often linked with other anxiety disorders, such as depression and panicRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On The Workplace And Society Of Peru874 Words   |  4 Pagesnot until my uncle’s physical condition was so severely impacted that he was taken to a private doctor for an evaluation. Mental illness is still very stigmatized in many parts of the world, and even anxiety disorders, of which many people suffer, are judged and condemned in the workplace and society of Peru. The continuous symptoms of my uncle were called a nervous or mental breakdown when he was admitted initially, and while episodes have happened in the past, the reason given to any person with

Latino Celebrities Show the Diversity of Hispanics

Geomechanics Lab Report Free Essays

Aim The main intention of this investigation was to determine the various stages of the Atterberg Limits. These included the liquid limit test (LL), plastic limit test (PL), plastic index test (PI) and linear shrinkage (LS) of a soil sample provided by the administration. This was then followed by a sieve analysis to determine the particle size distribution of another soil sample so that a suitable classification in both situations could be made in accordance with the Australian Standards AS1726 – 1993. We will write a custom essay sample on Geomechanics Lab Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Procedure (Sample preperation) On commencement of the experiment, each group was provided with two parts of 500grams of soil retrieved from the field and then oven dried by the experiment supervisor. One part of the soil sample was coarse grain gravel for the particle size distribution chart and sieve analysis, whilst the remaining 500 grams of soil was of fine grained fraction. * Preparation of Coarse Grained Fraction During this procedure the mass of 500grams of soil was recorded and soaked in water for duration of 24 hours. This was then followed by placing the soil sample into a 0. 75mm mesh sieve and the entire fine particle was washed away using running tap water and a small spray bottle until the water had started running clear. The sieved sample was then transferred in a tray which was again put into the oven at 100 degrees for 24 hours. * Preparation of Fine Grained Fraction The remainder of the 500 grams of the sample was then sieved through a 0. 425 mm mesh sieve and the contents collected. This procedu re was done until approximately 150 to 200grams of material was successfully passing sieve. Procedure (Sieve Analysis) This procedure involved the sieve analysis of the coarse fraction. This involved weighing the mass of the oven dried coarse grained fraction so that we are able to determine the particle size distribution. For this experiment the mass of coarse fraction used was 312. 10 grams. This was then followed by arranging the sieves from top to bottom in order from larger gapped mesh in the sieve to the smaller one (i. e. 37. 5mm to 0. 075mm) and then pouring the sample in the top sieve whilst shaking it for approximately 10 minutes. This provided mechanical energy to the soil allowing for it to pass all the sieve layers. The next procedure involved recording the soil mass that had accumulated on each sieve and the bottom pan. Furthermore the percentage of original mass retained and cumulative passing % vs. particle size plot has been constructed as shown in Appendix A. As shown in the plot it can be noted that the results obtained were not accurate enough for the effective size values of D_10 and D_30 to be calculated. Yet the effective size D_60 was able to be found and was shown to be 1. mm as shown in the particle size vs percentage passing table in appendix A. Due to the fact that all effective size values have not been able to be attained from the graph, the uniformity coefficient C_u and the coefficient of curvature C_c were not able to be calculated. Yet if they could be then they would be calculated using these equations: Cu=D60D10 Cc=D102D10*D60 where CU=Coefficient of Curvature Cc=Coefficient of Curvat ure All values recorded have been further discussed in the results section of this report. Procedure (Atterberg Limits determination) * Liquid Limit (LL) The liquid limit test west performed on the fine Sandy soil over the course of two sessions to determine the water content (percentage) at the point when the soil started to behave with liquid qualities. This test procedure involved gradually adding water to a round well created in two thirds of the soil sample on a glass plate. Then using two spatulas the sample was mixed until a smooth paste was formed. This was then followed by placing a small amount of the sample into the liquid limit device and leveling it horizontally using the spatula to create a smooth surface. Using the grooving tool the sample in the cup was divided in half. To determine the number of blows the handle of the mechanism was rotated at a speed of two blows per second and the number of blows recorded until the soil closed the groove to a length of 1 cm. It was expected that the number of blows be as close to 25+ or – 3 as possible. The group was successful in our fourth attempt where 28 blows were recorded. Once the sample was successful it was removed from the liquid limit cup and placed within a tin and the mass weighed. This was determined to calculate the moisture content percentage. The mixture in the liquid limit range was placed in a 0. 25 meter length mould with a internal diameter of 0. 025 meters and left on top of the oven so that the linear shrinkage could be determined. All values obtained are discussed in the results. * Plastic Limit (PL) To determine the plastic limit (as a percentage), after which the soil could no longer be deformed; water was added to the remaining one third of the dry soil on a separate glass plate and molded by hand. Small amounts of the soil were rolled on the flat glass plate until they formed into a diameter of 3 mm and then started to break apart. According to AS12989 it was proved that the soil had reached its plastic limit. This soil was then placed in a tin and similarly to the liquid limit all mass values of the tin and sample were recorded. These were left to dry in the oven. All results obtained the following day have been discussed in the results section. * Linear Shrinkage (%) As instructed, results for the linear shrinkage were collected after duration of 24 hours from the laboratory and the linear shrinkage (in percentage) was calculated using the formula: LS=LsL*100 where Ls=Recorded Shrinkage L=Initial Length of Sample In addition to the linear shrinkage, all dry mass results were also collected from the previous day and recorded as shown in the results section of this report. * Plastic Index Conduction of the plastic limit and linear shrinkage test led to the calculation of the moisture content in percentage and this further allowed us to calculate the plastic index using the formula. Ip=Wl- Wp where Wl=Liquid Limit Wp=Plastic Limit * Classification of Soil After the soil tests have been completed as listed above and results obtained, the soil sample was classified according to the Australian Standards AS1726 – 1993. To aid in this classification of the soil, table 8 (Identification and Classification of Coarse Grained Soils) and table 9 (Identification and classification of Fine grained Soils) as well as Graph 1 (Plasticity Chart vs. Liquid Limit) have been used and attached in Appendix C. Further criteria such as Plasticity of Fines, Color of Soil, Cohesive strength and Classification Group symbol (Table 7 Soil Classification Symbols) can also be used. Results * Sieve Analysis – Determining the Particle size Distribution Tin #| | Mass of Wet soil + Tin| 203. 79| Mass of Dry soil + Tin| 165. 0| Mass of Tin| 32. 60| Mass of Moisture| 38. 19| Mass of Dry Soil| 133. 00| Moisture Content| 28. 70| Initisl Mass of Oven Dried Sample| 500g| Mass of oven Dried Sample retained over 75? m| 312. 1g| Percentage of Coarse Fraction| 37. 58g| Mass of Dry sample passing the 75? m| 187. 9g| Table 1: Soil Sample Preparation Values – Total Mass of Sample used for Sieve Analysis = 500 grams – Ma ss of Coarse Fraction of Sample Used for Sieve Analysis AS Apperture| Mass Retained (g)| % Retained| % Passing| 37. 5mm| 0. 00| 0. 00%| 100. 00%| 26. 5mm| 0. 00| 0. 00%| 100. 00%| 19mm| 13. 0| 2. 60%| 97. 40%| 13. 2mm| 14. 70| 2. 94%| 94. 46%| 9. 5mm| 1. 00| 0. 20%| 94. 26%| 6. 7mm| 13. 90| 2. 78%| 91. 48%| 4. 75mm| 17. 30| 3. 46%| 88. 02%| 2. 36mm| 61. 60| 12. 32%| 75. 70%| 1. 18mm| 63. 10| 12. 62%| 63. 08%| 600? m| 51. 40| 10. 28%| 52. 80%| 425? m| 22. 00| 4. 40%| 48. 40%| 300? m| 20. 30| 4. 06%| 44. 34%| 150? m| 22. 60| 4. 52%| 39. 82%| 75? m| 7. 60| 1. 52%| 38. 30%| Pan| 0. 40| 0. 08%| 38. 22%| | SUM = 308. 9| | | Table 2: Particle size Distribution of the Soil Sample Particle size vs. Percentage Passing (%) can be viewed in the Appendix section of this report. D_10| N/A| D_30| N/A| D_60| 1. 1 mm| Coefficient of Uniformity| N/A| Coefficient of Curvature| N/A| Table 3: Particle Size Determination Coefficients As the Particle Size vs. Percentage Passing graph was unable to be plotted fully, the values for D_10 and D_30 could not be determined hence not allowing the Coefficient of Uniformity and Curvature to be found. * Atterberg Limits Determination (Liquid Limit) Liquid limit| Test no. | Test 1| Test 2| Test 3| Test 4| Tin #| 12| 58| 80| 61| Number of Blows| 7| 21| 14| 28| Mass of Wet Soil and Tin| 45. 8| 35. 77| 39. 32| 27. 6| Mass of Dry Soil and Tin| 38| 28. 4| 34. 5| 22. 5| Mass of Tin| 24. 21| 14. 57| 26. 31| 15. 42| Mass of Moisture| 7. 8| 7. 37| 4. 82| 4. 86| Mass of Dry Soil| 13. 79| 13. 83| 8. 19| 7. 08| Moisture Content| 56. 56%| 53. 29%| 58. 85%| 68. 64%| Table 4: Liquid Limit Determination The results obtained in the table 4 (liquid limit determination) above show that after conducting four tests in the lab the number of blows we re varied quite a lot. The reason behind this was that at the start a greater amount of liquid then required was placed in the soil making it two wet. Then as extra dry soil was added to the sample the number of blows gradually increased allowing for a result acceptable within the 25 + – 3 limit was met in test 4 Hence the soil sample’s LL can be taken as 68. 64%. * Atterberg Limits Determination (Plastic Limit) Plastic Limit| Test no. | Test 1| Tin #| 16| Mass of Wet Soil and Tin| 37. 06| Mass of Dry Soil and Tin| 34. 5| Mass of Tin| 23. 94| Mass of Moisture | 2. 56| Mass of Dry Soil| 10. 56| Moisture Content| 24. 24%| Avg. Moisture Content| 59. 34%| Table 5: Plastic Limit Determination The above table represents the values calculated and determined results for the plastic limit of the soil in this experiment. This was done by weighing the mass of the soil and tin after it had been rolled into a 3mm diameter rod until it crumbled and then oven dried. * Atterberg Limits Determination (Plastic Index) Looking at the graph attached in the appendix B (Number of Blows vs. Moisture Content), the value for the Plastic Limit was unable to be as accurately determined as we would have hoped but using the plastic Index equation below it was found to be 44. %. Plastic Index %= Liquid Limit-Plastic Limit=___________% Plastic Index %= 68. 64-24. 24=44. 4% Linear Shrinkage Determination| Mould No. | 3| Crumbling of Sample| NO| Length of Mould| 254mm| Curling of Sample| NO| Length of Soil| 222mm| Cracking of Sample| YES| Linear Shrinkage| 12. 60%| * Atterberg Limits Determination (Linear Shrinkage) Table 6: Linear Shrinkage Determination After removing the mould containing the soil sample after 24 hours from the top of the oven, the linear shrinkage of the soil was measured using a ruler. The result as shown above in table 6, the soil has shrunk 32mm in length and cracking of the sample has occurred. The same has not crumbled at touch and has not shown any curling effects. The Overall linear shrinkage is calculated to be 12. 60%. LS=LsL*100 LS=32254*100=12. 60% Discussion The classification of the Coarse and Fine Grained soil was made according to the Australian Standards as1726 – 1993. All justification of the results and classifications of the Sieve Analysis and Atterberg Limits have been made through the combination of the identification and classification tables in the appendix. Coarse Grained Soil As per the Particle size plot in the appendix, the sample is shown to have only coarse grain materials. Consisting of 22% Gravel (7% Medium Grain and 15% Fine Grain) and 38% Sand (22% Coarse Grain, 13% Medium Grain and 3% Fine Grain), indicates that the soil is widely distributed and hence making it a Gravelly SAND. * Fine Grained Soil Using the Atterberg Limits to find the Plastic Limit and Liquid Limit percentages, these were applied to the Plasticity vs. Liquid Limit Chart (AS1726-1993) to determine the classification of the soil sample. As the intersection point is below the â€Å"A† line with a high liquid limit of 68. 64%, the reaction to shaking was low to none and the toughness is low, the classification of the soil sample is most likely to be MS-SILT Highly Plastic. Also according to the Australian Standards the color of our soil was Brown mottled red-brown. Since the fine grained soil was cohesion less and free running we can classify the soil as dry. In accordance to the Plasticity vs. Liquid Limit chart the soil is of High Plasticity as the liquid limit was of a value greater than 50%. In addition to the above, the particle size distribution curve is also widely spread so the soil is classified as â€Å"Well Graded†. Conclusion In this experiment we used the Sieve analysis and Atterberg Limits tests to investigate the properties of the soil as mentioned in the Australian Standards AS1726 -1993. In addition sample tests were conducted including the liquid limit test (LL), plastic limit test (PL), plastic index test (PI) and linear shrinkage (LS) of the soil sample provided by the administration. All results obtained have been justified and the classifications of the soil made in accordance to the Australian Standards 1726 – 1993. References Evans R, 2010, HES2155 Geomechanics, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC. Appendices Appendix A (Particle Size vs. Percentage Passing Plot) Appendix B (Plot of Number of Blows Vs. Moisture Content) Appendix C (Soil Classification Tables) Table 7: List of Soil Classification Symbols. Table 8: Identification and Classification of Coarse Grained Soil. Table 9: Identification and Classification of Fine Grained Soil. Graph 1: Plasticity Chart vs. Liquid Limit Appendix D (Formulas and Sample Calculations) How to cite Geomechanics Lab Report, Essay examples

Renwable Energy in Scotland

Question: How can renewable energy and energy efficiency help Soctland meet its emission reduction target? Answer: Introduction Management of renewable energy schemes professionally requires a high level of reliability in using the energy source. This also includes the various security issues related to all electrical setup required. The manufacturing units related to renewable energy guarantee about the scheme that it is equipped with the majority of superior electrical security instruments available on the marketplace. There are few points which prove the importance of the renewable sources of electricity. The decreased consumption of fossil fuel and the decline in greenhouse gases out of that carbon dioxide (CO2) has the maximum consequence on climate alteration is a main confront crossways the world and crosswise the entire sectors of society. There is unparalleled attention in renewable energy, mainly solar energy and wind energy that gives electrical energy devoid of generous increase to in the least carbon dioxide release Harnessing such sources for electricity relies on the price tag and competence of the equipment, which is continually evolving, therefore dropping costs per maximum units of output kilowatt. Making use of electricity from solar sources and wind sources in a grid necessitates a quantity of support producing ability due in the direction of their irregular natural world. Strategy situation to hold up renewable be as well normally necessary to award main concern in grid scheme and as well subsidies them/ Making use of electricity produced from solar and wind inside a separate scheme necessitates equivalent battery or additional storage space capability. The likelihood of major employ of hydrogen within the outlook as a convey fuel augment to the prospective for renewable electricity furnish. Carbon Benefits: The dislocation of power production and fossil fuel heat by renewable is main to decreasing our carbon emissions . Steps for CO2 Reduction in Scotland The decreased consumption of fossil fuel and the decline in greenhouse gases out of that carbon dioxide (CO2) has the maximum consequence on climate alteration is a main confront crossways the world and crosswise the entire sectors of society. Attaining energy competence will be essential to meet up the Scotland Act of Climate Change 2009. Objective of a 42% CO2 emissions decrease by 2020 and an 80% CO2 emissions decrease by 2050, supported on 1990 baseline. In addition, the Scottish Governments agenda of ecarbonisation pertinent to the Heat and electricity Generation Policy Statement sets the alternatives to bring explanation to help with the subsequent: heat system decarbonising dropping dependency on fossil fuels dropping pressure on family energy bills and grabbing economic opportunities delivering electricity use from renewables hold up the main position for renewable energy in supply of electricity by thermal generation power stations with Carbon Capture and Storage mainly decarbonised electricity system resourcing 11% of heat requirement and 10% of convey fuels from renewables by 2020 facilitate local and community possession of renewable energy tumbling final energy consumption in Scotland Demand for clean energy There is a primary concern concerning harnessing these kinds of forces in an era which is extremely aware of the ecological possessions of smoldering fossil fuels and maintaining is a moral norm. So nowadays the center is on together sufficient amount of energy provided for long use and as well the ecological inference of meticulous foundation. In that look upon the close to confidence of expenses being compulsory on carbon dioxide release in urbanized country at smallest amount has deeply distorted the financial viewpoint of fresh energy sources. Sun, current of air, waves, stream and the warmth from decay of radioactive in the mantle of earth as healthy as biomass are the entire plentiful and continuing, therefore the word "renewable". merely one, the control of declining water in rivers, have be considerably tap for electricity for a lot of years, although use of wind is growing quickly and it is at the present recognized as a typical source of energy. Solar energy is major individual request has been in farming and forest, by means of process of photosynthesis and more and more it is tie together for heat energy. Further electricity residue a place request for solar is be ablaze wherever it be able to be utilized. Revolving to the make use of plentiful renewable sources of energy additional to the significant hydro used for electrical energy; present are confronts in fact harnessing them. Not together from solar photovoltaic (PV) that construct electricity straightforwardly, the query is how on the way to create them to twist dynamos to produce the electricity. Condition it is warmth which is tied together by means of a fog producing system. If the basic occasion of these renewable be profusion and comparatively extensive amount, the primary confront, particularly for electrical energy contribute, is relate them to get together the requirement given their changeable and different past. In this manner however that there have to be dependable reproduction sources of electrical energy further than the standard system set aside, or a number of ways of electricity storage space. However, a separate benefit of solar and to a number of degree additional renewable systems is that they are dispersed and might be closer to the summit of requirement, thus dipping power broadcast fatalities if customary producing plants are far-away. Obviously this similar characteristic from time to time add up alongside wind in so as to the most excellent place for tie together it are now and then distant from inhabitants, and the major help for be short of wind in single place is wind waft firm in one more, hence necessitates a broad network with supple operation. There is important extra capacity in growth from corner to corner of Scotland, with projects moreover in planning or by now permission which now sum over 12GW. Once more, capability boost in the short term will draw closer from onshore wind, with in excess of 4GW of ability by now consented and an additional 3.6GW in preparation. In the long expression, in excess of the subsequent decade, we might see main boost in offshore wind, by means of over 4GW before now consented. There is as well 244MW of bioenergy schemes at a variety of phases of expansionand 187MW of wave and tidal schemes moreover in planning or by now consented. Electricity Capacity Electricity capacity of Scotlands renewable energy has revealed steady growth more than 8 years having standard annual capacity augment over 650MW ever since the end of 2007. Whole Installed capability in Scotland for Renewable Electricity 2007-2014 Operational capacity Pre-operational Capacity of Renewable Projects Current Installed Capacity of Renewable Electricity (End Q4 2014) Chart above sets current combination of renewable electricity creation capability in Scotland. By means of the total now in excess of 7GW, the sector is 2.5 times better than it was at the end of 2007. Onto dry land wind is the major single technology, contributing for over 69 per cent of put in capacity, at the same time Scotlands other main basis of renewable power are hydro, offshore wind and bioenergy. Renewable energy sources Hydro Electricity Hydro-electric power, by means of the latent energy of stream is through distant the best-given ways of electricity production from energy sources of type renewable. It equipment over 16% of planet electrical energy on or after 990 GWe put in capability at the conclusion of 2014. Partially this comes in five nations: Separately from individuals four countries by means of a comparative profusion of it like Switzerland hydro ability is usually functional to peak-load stipulate, since it is so willingly stopped up and in progress. This signifies the wind energy efficiency in Denmark has increased. Hydropower by means of great storage space reservoirs is not a main alternative for the prospect in the urbanized countries since most main sites in these nations have probable for harnessing seriousness in this method are moreover being browbeaten previously or are engaged for other causes such as ecological deliberation. The main benefit of hydro schemes is their ability to switch cyclic (in addition to daily) elevated peak loads. By putting into practice the operation of stock up water is from time to time complex by difficulty for irrigation that may take place away of stage with max out electrical load . Wind Energy Consumption of wind energy has increased from the previous consumption rate for these running years, with yearly increment of the wind energy capability it is around 20% for increase in this particular year. Turbines used for Wind with capacity up to 6 MWe are at the present executing in a lot of countries, although the majority of novel ones are having capacity of 1-3 MWe. Power production is a purpose of the chop of the current of air speed, so replication like two times the wind speed provides eight times the power budding. In process like turbines necessitate a wind in the variety of 4 and extends upto 25 metres for each second and thus 14-90 km/hr, with utmost output life form at 12-25 m/s the surplus energy life form drop above 25 m/s. At the same time as comparatively hardly any areas contain important current winds in this variety, a lot of have sufficient to be harnessed efficiently and to provide improved than a 25% capability utilization. Biodiesel A variety ofbiodieselsystems subsist at nearby, and as with mainly renewable. A biodiesel fuelled vehicle by the remaining vegetable oils out of the Orkney archipelagofish and chipoutlets. Wave and tidal energy Scotlandhas a predictable25% of Europe's tidal prospective and 10% of its potential for wave. There have been additional grid-connected maritime energy converters organized at EMEC than at any additional single site on the earth and the centre leftovers the worlds only attributed marine energy laboratory. Merit comparison The main benefit of hydro schemes is their ability to switch cyclic (in addition to daily) elevated peak loads. By putting into practice the operation of stock up water is from time to time complex by difficulty for irrigation that may take place away of stage with max out electrical load. Wind energy is variable in nature hence imposes some limitations on the production and thus imposes various constraint. Bio fuel energy does need some more sources and need more concern. Like wind wave and tidal energy is also variable in nature. Thus imposes many constrains. Scottish targets Scotland's capability to provide enough renewable heat and electricity to complete its objectives in a lucrative way depends significantly on dropping demand. High requirement needs more generating capability to be built. Due to reservations over character behaviors, electricity requirements could differ but it is probable to increase in the long run as superior use is complete for transport and heat - consequently energy efficiency dealings to reduce this increase in requirement will be vital if electricity is to stay reasonably priced. Attaining energy competence will be essential to meet up the Scotland Act of Climate Change 2009. Objective of a 42% CO2 emissions decrease by 2020 and an 80% CO2 emissions decrease by 2050, supported on 1990 baseline. In addition, the Scottish Governments agenda of ecarbonisation pertinent to the Heat and electricity Generation Policy Statement sets the alternatives to bring explanation to help with the subsequent: Psychoanalysis by the buy and sell body Scottish renewables demonstratesthat renewables shaped almost one third more power compared to nuclear, gas or coal in the primary six months of the year, producing 10.4 terawatt hours (TWh) throughout the six-month period. Conclusion Renewable sources of energy in Scotland have taken responsibility precisely for the task it was intended to do like flourishing more jobs, protected supplies for energy and, mainly dropping our carbon emissions to assist in binding the change in climate. Scotland's capability to provide enough renewable heat and electricity to complete its objectives in a lucrative way has provided a new direction and hope for the world. References 1. Verbruggen, A., M. Fischedick, W. Moomaw, T. Weir, A. Nadai, L.J. Nilsson, J. Nyboer, J. Sathaye, (2009). "Renewable energy costs, potentials, barriers: Conceptual issues." Energy Policy 2. Black Veatch. (2012). Cost and Performance Data for Power Generation Technologies. Overland Park, KS: Black Veatch.3. Alldritt, D. and Hopwood, D. (2010). Renewable energy in Scotland. Renewable Energy Focus, 11(3), pp.28-33.4. Coleby, a. (2010). Assessment of marine renewable energy industry stakeholder requirements in north scotland. J. Env. Assmt. Pol. Mgmt., 12(01), pp.29-49.5. Wind turbines in Antarctica. (2009). Renewable Energy Focus, 10(3), p.16.6. E. Lozano-Minguez, A.J. Kolios and F.P. Brennan (2011.), 'Multi-criteria assessment of offshore wind turbine support structures.' Renewable Energy, vol. 36(11), pp. 2831-7 7. Commission of the European Communities, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee of the Re gions. Energy 2020. A strategy for competitive, sustainable and secure energy, 2010. 8. Power of the people: public awareness and involvement in renewable energy in Scotland. (2003). Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 44(3), p.162.

Review of Black Sound, Black Body free essay sample

Black artists were thought only to appeal to a black crowd, which created tours like the Chitin Circuit, and successful white musicians making money Of a black Nans song, as was the case with Pat Bones cover of Tutu Fruit. However, it was during this time that many Americans began to see through the barriers separating the races. As Steve Washman highlights in his article Black Sound, Black Body: Jim Hendrix, the Electric Guitar, and the Meanings of Blackness, much of what was unifying America was this idea that beyond our skin, we are really one and the same.Steve points out atheism is able to cross over both race and gender lines in his appeal. Many Great Britain musicians who were being introduced to the blues scene through the music of Hendrix actually considered him a role model for their own attempts to transgress racial boundaries. However, Jim found that he was still stuck in this black stereotype, and as hard as he tried he could not truly shake this. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Black Sound, Black Body or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Washman suggests that a large reason for Isms decision to own his own studio was so that he could become invisible, removing himself from the demands of the stereotyping-public to a place of pure music, with nothing else attached. He yearned for a desire to be heard, not seen; listened to, not watched, however the boundaries between blacks and whites were forever separating people from one another.

Actual film Essays

Actual film Essays Actual film Essay Actual film Essay Arthur Miller uses characters and action to explore ideas about a number of different qualities and emotions. He uses John and Elizabeth, for example, to show the love that can break through if you try really hard at a relationship. He uses honesty, through Proctor to show the good and the bad consequences that can arise out of telling the truth and out of lying. He uses betrayal through Proctor also; by Proctor having an affair with Abigail. This shows how betrayal can rip apart a marriage with one stupid mistake. He shows greed and power through Danforth, by Danforth saying no postponement to the hangings just so his reputation wouldnt be lost. He shows honour, through Giles, because Giles didnt answer aye or nay to being a witch. His final words were more weight and then he died. He kept up to his reputation as being funny and by living up to his name.  Another way Miller connects through to the audience is by using a number of dramatic devices. I am now going to have a look at some of the different techniques and how he does this. Miller uses a number of different techniques to build and release tension. One of these techniques is leaving you on cliff hangers. He did this with Acts 1,2 and 3! With Act 1 Abigail and Betty had just made accusations of whom they had seen with the devil, Act 2 Elizabeth had just been taken away, and Act 3, Proctor has just confessed and Hale had quit the court! He uses short staccato sentences to build up tension, like in Act 4 Elizabeth says, Giles is dead so it is short and powerful. That way we feel more of an impact. Also in Act 2 where John and Elizabeth first start talking, they are saying only what they need to, not going into any detail. Proctor says are you well today? And Elizabeth says, I am whereas she could have gone into more detail such as yes Im fine thanks, it was probably just a passing cold, and you? She kept it as short and sweet as possible, almost telling the audience that they couldnt have a long flowing conversation because she suspected him. However, I found that having watched the film, seen it performed and having read the play script, the most dramatic was the actual film. I think this is because you can use devices such as camera shots and angles and music to increase the tension. There were also a lot of different scenes in the film that I hadnt seen in the play. I think this is because it would be too hard in an actual play to move the scene props around in such a small space of time! In the film I also thought that it made it more dramatic by making them say the lords prayer just before they were hung and the number of voices gradually decreasing as one by one they got pushed off. I really didnt like, however, the fact that John didnt get to say Amen. I think that links back to the unfairness and cruelty of the time. At the end of Act 3 Miller has left us on the edge of our seats, but as we enter Act 4, Miller uses the humour of Tituba and Sarah to make our tension decrease again. In act 4 our tension goes up and down like a yo-yo with Proctors indecisive mind, we can never relax! By the end of Act 4 our tension is at its climax, especially with the stage direction the final drum roll crashes, then heightens violently, Hale weeps in frantic prayer, and the new sun is pouring in upon her face, and the drums rattle like bones in the morning air. Another technique Miller uses, is dramatic irony. He uses this to create huge amounts of tension, such as the affair between Proctor and Abigail. When John and Elizabeth were alone together for the first time in Act 2, tension was high because we knew, and John knew what he had done, but Elizabeth didnt. He uses pauses to create a sense of someone finding it hard to say something; they might be scared, or even nervous.  Arthur Miller uses language with layers of different meanings. I am now going to have a look at some of the sentences he has put together and whether or not they have more than one meaning. In Act 1, John and Abigail are left alone. They use words referring to hot and cold and animals to talk about sex indirectly. This is because it just wasnt a thing you would talk about! For example sweated like a stallion this could also mean just sex and no love, like animals.  Abigail says, You are no wintry man this could mean he is not emotionless and frigid, he is hot blooded and passionate. Unlike Elizabeth who she says is a cold, snivelling woman. Abigail is trying to say that John is the complete opposite to Elizabeth. She is wondering why John would want to be with her? She is so different and doesnt satisfy him like Abigail does.  Throughout the play Miller uses metaphorical language. In Act 2 John says I will fall like an ocean on that court I think this means that the court will be overthrown and will have a small amount of power compared to what John will have.  Arthur Miller uses this language for a number of different reasons. It may be to enliven ideas, or by making a link through language to another context and most of all to make the audience use their imaginations and think about the play, rather than just sitting down, watching it and never thinking about it again.

What does the customer expect from motor vehicle carrier Essay - 1

What does the customer expect from motor vehicle carrier - Essay Example Then the results will be used in reviewing and producing improvements of the service. As much as possible, the monitoring and the survey should be done on a regular basis to make sure that all the needs and expectations are answered on time. The most important aspect is to make customers feel that they are valuable and their interests are important to the carrier. Motor vehicle carrier is extremely important in every place for this is the most accessible in all modes of transportation. This is the most dominant means of transportation in the U.S. because it has potential access in transporting goods at any point of destination over short and longer places without restrictions (â€Å"Transportation,† n.d.). Currently, the U.S. has 765 motor vehicles that include line haul vehicles for longer destinations and city straight trucks for short distances. The carrier had accounted for an increase in carrier sales of about 5% and a revenue growth of 30% (O’Reilly, 2008). The most dominant among all these vehicles are the passenger vehicles that reported a 97 sales percentage in the U.S. market particularly in local areas. The industry had encountered several changes carried by deregulation and liberalization in the economy with few exceptions that motor carriers under the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (STAA) will have th eir freedom to do business at their own perspectives as long as the rates are also rightful to the passengers (U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1988, p. 55). This freedom is governed by STTA and the carriers are still obliged to follow the terms and conditions specified as to the truck routes and vehicle specifications. Customer’s expectation is one of the important features of motor vehicle carriers because this is a prerequisite of being superior (Coyle, Novack, Gibson, & Bardi, 2010, p. 169). â€Å"The customer’s service expectation acts

Population Demographics data for non US countries Essay

Population Demographics data for non US countries - Essay Example Analysis of the graph shows that South Africa does not have a steady increase in her population. During the millennium year, the country had a population of forty five million people that increased steadily to about forty nine million in two thousand and five (Ominde and Ejiogu 2012). This represents an increase in population of about four million. However, from two thousand and five to two thousand and ten, the population of South Africa increased to fifty one million people. This shows an additional two million people. In fact, the last census survey reveals a growth rate of negative zero point zero five. Over the same period of five years, the population growth was negative. This trend does not reflect what happens in other African countries bearing in mind that the country enjoys a stable economic, social, and political environment. The causes and Impact South Africa is a country on the list of the fastest growing economies. This enables to provide high quality services to the citizens. The country has improved her infrastructure increasing the rate of rural to urban migration. This affects the birth and death rates. The birth rate has increased following provision of the quality maternal healthcare, which reduces the death rate. The availability of family planning services counters this trend. Education also plays a major role in checking the population of South Africa.... Education also plays a major role in checking the population of South Africa. South Africans have adequate reproductive health information. They understand the right time to bear children and this reduces the fertility rate as most women spent time in school hence they bear children when after their teenage ages. This is not the case in other countries in Africa such as Kenya. Comparatively, there many women in Kenya who become mothers around the age of fifteen as they do not go to school and they still stick to traditions as opposed to South Africans. The low population growth rate makes South Africa capable of sustaining food demands of her people. Families also get involved in economically productive activities and this gives time to the government to invest in other non-food projects such as the development of IT. The population of South Africa is more educated when compared to other Africans countries as both the citizens and the government have adequate disposable income for en lightenment. Kenya Total population (x 1000) Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%) 1965 9 505 48.4 48.0 3.6 1970 11 252 49.1 47.5 3.4 1975 13 486 49.6 47.1 3.3 1980 16 268 50.0 47.1 3.0 1985 19 655 50.0 47.2 2.8 1990 23 447 49.0 48.3 2.7 1995 27 426 46.5 50.8 2.7 2000 31 254 44.3 52.9 2.8 2005 35 615 42.7 54.5 2.8 2015 43 513 42.5 54.9 2.7 (Ominde 2012) Tracing the status Kenya is a country in found in East Africa in the southern Great Lakes region. The country is largely multi-ethnic. The country had a population of thirty-eight million people basing on the national population census conducted by the government in two thousand and nine. The country conducts a national census every ten years with the last one in two thousand and nine and the next

Social Construct Of Mental Illness Stigmatization Sociology Essay

Social Construct Of Mental Illness Stigmatization Sociology Essay In order to begin this essay it is worth outlining some of the meanings behind the terms mental illness and stigma. Mental illness is a conceptually problematic term as there as different ways of speaking about normal and abnormal behaviour (Pilgrim and Rogers, 1999). It can broadly be described as a type of health problem which affects an individuals thoughts, feelings and the way they interact around other people. It also has a cognitive dimension as it can affect anybody at any time and may be temporary or permanent (Pilgrim, 2005). Scheff (1984) discusses the medicalisation of mental illness, he argues that residual deviance (pg. 36) can refer to the variety of conditions which are held under the umbrella term of mental illness simply because they do not come under any other category, such as criminal. Essentially, any form of unacceptable or deviant behaviour which is not classed in other ways, becomes a form of mental illness. Scheffs approach uses labelling theory to discuss m ental health; this is something I will turn to later. Surveys have revealed that the majority of us are acquainted with mental illness and are familiar with it damaging effects either through a friend or relative etc. 15% of us have had a mental health problem ourselves (Layard, 2005). Stigma can be defined as the social consequences of negative attributions about a person based upon stereotype. In the case of people with mental health problems, it is presumed that they lack intelligibility and social competence and that they are dangerous (Pilgrim, 2005, pg 157). Goffman (1963) argued that stigma spoils a persons social identity, it creates a gap between a typical, ordinary social identity which we expect others to have and our real social identity. It disrupts everyday social interaction because normal individuals do not know how to behave with stigmatized individuals and vice versa (pg. 15). Goffman identified three types of stigma, stigma deriving from physical defects or abnorm alities, stigma of race and religion and finally perceived blemishes of individual character this includes such things as sexuality, political beliefs and mental health (Goffman, 1963, pg. 14). Goffmans work is very important in discussing the complexities of stigma and discrimination and I plan to use his work throughout this essay. Skinner et al (1995) argue that a hierarchy of stigma exists in which inferior social statuses such as prostitute and alcoholic are ranked. They identified mental illness as being at the bottom of the hierarchy. The stigma of mental illness is different from others because it involves changes in behaviour which attracts negative judgment by others. It makes people wander about an individuals stability and whether they pose a risk to themselves or others (Bury, 2005). In order to better understand the stigma of mental illness it is necessary to conduct research into the lay views held amongst the public, this includes accounts from people with mental health problems (MHP) who discuss their experiences, and also the views of those without MHP (Pilgrim, 2005). A qualitative study by Dinos et al (2004) which researched the experiences of 46 people with a mental illness revealed that stigma was a major concern to most of the participants. Stigma defines individuals in terms of their mental illness and has the potential to impact on all aspects of life. Goffman (1963) formulated stigma into a double perspective, the first is obvious to others and cannot be hidden. He referred to this as discrediting. The second type is discreditable and is not necessarily noticeable to others (pg. 14). With this form the problem is managing personal information, whether this means hiding the fact that they have a mental illness, or hiding the nature and extent of the c ondition. Dinos et al (2004) found that the management of information was a major problem and a potent source of stress, anxiety and further feelings of stigma even in the absence of any direct discrimination (pg. 176). Some of the patients chose to downplay their illness by telling others it was another type, such as depression. Experiences of stigma were also dependent on the nature of the illness, those with depression and anxiety were more likely to feel stigmatized. While those with schizophrenia and bi-polar disorder were more likely to experience physical and verbal attacks. The effects of stigma can be extremely damaging, individuals may feel depersonalized, rejected and disempowered (Pilgrim, 2005, pg 158). This can lead to isolation and an acceptance of the treatment received as justified. This in turn can cause a further decline in their health (Dinos, et al, 2004). In terms of lay views of mental health held amongst the public, these are usually ones of distrust and sometimes hostility. Many people hold stereotypical views of mentally ill people in which psychotic behaviour is expected (Pilgrim, 2005). The influence of the media is important here and is something I will turn to later. Attribution theory (Corrigan et al, 2000 and Bury, 2005) can be used to explain stigma and discriminatory practices. It consists of two aspects, controllability and stability the former refers to the extent to which individuals are responsible for their own mental illness and stability refers to whether the illness can improve over time and to what extent. Studies which use attribution theory reveal that many believe that individuals with MHP are to blame for their illness and do not deserve any sympathy. They believe them to be potentially dangerous and should be avoided. Also, they show no optimism about people reaching recovery (Corrigan, et al, 2000). An examp le of such a study comes from Weiner and colleagues (cited in Corrigan, 2000), they asked 59 students to rate various disability groups according to aspects of controllability and stability, the results revealed that they viewed mental illness much more severely than other illnesses. The widespread stigmatization of mental illness is rooted historically in fear of the unknown, our tendency to attack ridicule or laugh at what we dont understand (Lalani and London, 2006). Since the deinstitutionalization of mental illness and the introduction of care in the community initiatives, this fear of the other has become much more significant as the boundaries between the sane and insane have become blurred. We have a strong need to distance ourselves from things that we fear, therefore the stigma of mental illness is one of panic and hostility. Having discussed the stigma of mental illness and the perceptions held amongst the population in a little more depth, this leaves the question of how it is culturally constructed. Thoits (1985) discusses how we learn to act and feel through repeated social interaction. Our emotions are governed by the norms of society which we internalize from an early age. We know how we should feel in a variety of circumstances e.g. sad at a funeral lively at a party, happy at a wedding, proud on success, angry at an insult and so on. (pg. 224). Equally, we recognize when our behaviour may be viewed as inappropriate to others and learn to control it. For example, big boys dont cry and keep a stiff upper lip (pg. 224). We have a shared awareness of how we ought to behave in the social world, therefore anybody who breaks these norms is subject to ridicule. Thoits develops a theory which contrasts with Scheff (1984). She argues that self-labelling processes are significant in mental health, as people assess their own behaviour and seek professional help voluntarily. Scheff on the other hand focuses on the involuntary nature of mental health treatment and how people come to be defined as mentally ill; his concern lies with the institutionalization of mental illness. The perceptions of people with mental illness held by wider society are ones of devaluation and discrimination (Link cited in Gaebel et al, 2006). When a person is labelled as mentally ill, these conceptions become part of his or her sense of self. Labelling theory is useful in understanding the stigma of mental illness. We react to mental illness is a similar way to crime and the criminal. This approach to deviance focuses on the reaction of others in maintaining and amplifying rule breaking or secondary deviance (Marsh et al, 2000). The labelling process can have a detrimental effect on a persons status and identity. Their old identity is discarded and a new master status label takes its place. In the case of the mentally ill individual, his or her condition comes to define who they are, regardless of the other roles they may have (such as parenthood or their job). Their stigmatized role of mentally ill dominates their existence (Marsh et al, 2000 and Pilgrim, 2005). The negative e ffects of labelling are very clear, research has suggested that employers are less likely to offer jobs to those who have been labelled mentally ill. They are also less likely to be given housing and more likely to have charges made against them for violent crimes. Some studies however, have indicated that labelling has had positive benefits for the individual (Pilgrim, 2005). The main source of information for the general public about mental illness comes from the mass media. The media have come to represent the beliefs and perceptions of wider society and frequently exaggerate events and portray inaccurate stereotypes of people with MHP. There is an unquestioning acceptance in the media of the rising toll of killings as a result of community care (Dunn, 2002). For example, in the Daily Mail (21 February, 2003) the headline 400 care in the community patients living by murder park was printed after a woman was found dead in East London. After discovering that a large number of care in the community patients lived near the park, the police and the media assumed she was murdered by a deranged psychiatric patient living in the community. Headlines like this are not uncommon and newspapers consistently present the image of the dangerous, unstable, incurable mental patient (Lalani and London, 2006). Other examples of hard-hitting headlines include violent, mad. So docs set him free. New community care scandal (The Sun, 26 February 2005) and Bonkers Bruno locked up (The Sun, 22 September 2003). Philo (1996) found that two thirds of news coverage made associations between mental illness and violence, but media depictions are not consistent with the facts about mental health and violence. Home office statistics indicate that there is little or no correlation between violence and mental illness. In reality, people with MHP are more likely to be the victims of crime than the perpetrators (Dunn, 2002). There is a lot of empirical evidence to suggest that the media informs us about mental illness and that their depictions are characteristically inaccurate and unfavourable (Wahl, 1992, pg. 351). Wahl and Roth (cited in Wahl, 1992) found that mentally ill characters in prime time TV shows lacked a social identity. They were usually single, unemployed and described negatively with adjectives like aggressive confused and unpredictable (pg. 345). Man y other studies have produced similar results, with dangerousness and violence being the most common traits of people with MHP. Wahl argues that these portrayals must have an effect on our behaviour and attitudes towards mental illness. Many studies have demonstrated that repeated exposure to media stereotypes in general influences conceptions of social reality (pg. 346). He cites research that demonstrates that heavy viewers of television tend to relate the real world to televisions distorted representations. One study asked students to complete a questionnaire about mental health before and after a viewing of One flew over the cuckoos nest those who saw the film had a less positive view of mental illness than those who hadnt seen it (Wahl, 1992). It is clear then that the overall relationship between the media and the mentally ill is not in dispute: it is one of sensationalism, exaggeration and fear mongering (Lalani and London, 2006). It is important however to mention that not a ll aspects of the media perpetuate negative stereotypes and it can be a useful tool in tackling discrimination and stigma. For many people living with a mental illness, the cultural attitudes of fear, hostility and ignorance has contributed to experiences of isolation and social exclusion. A report by the Citizens advice Bureau (CAB, 2003) revealed that most people with a MHP are unemployed and that those who did have jobs end up leaving because their employers convince them that they are unable to cope. Jo, a mental health service user discussed her experiences at work in a report to the mind inquiry (Dunn, 2002 pg. 11) when she informed her boss that she had to see a psychiatrist his reaction said it all, as soon as mental illness is mentioned people literally back away from you. Pilgrim (2005) highlights that people with MHP are three time as likely to be unemployed than those with physical disabilities. This is mainly because of the attitudes of employers and not because of a lack of willingness on the part of the individual (CAB, 2003). There also exists a disincentive to work for those who are in r eceipt of welfare benefits. For many, their income upon finding work would only increase at a small rate, if it all, and they would lose out on any supplementary benefits such as housing benefits. Further to this is the difficulty in having their benefits reinstated should the job not work out (CAB, 2003). Social exclusion is a complicated and often cyclical process. It can affect a persons access to education, social services and health care. Such limited access to one service can have a knock on effect on others. For example, restricted use of education and training opportunities can sustain unemployment further which in turn contributes to the benefit trap and can of course deepen a persons exclusion and cause a further decline in their health (Dunn, 2002). It is clear then that the social exclusion of people with MHP denies them the basic levels of citizenship, happiness and wealth available to everybody else (Pilgrim, 2005). To conclude, the stigma of mental illness is based on generalizations about insanity. These stereotypes are constructed through feelings of fear and anxiety over things we do not understand and struggle to relate to. There is no doubt that our views of mental illness are completely ungrounded and are transmitted repeatedly through the mass media, thus reinforcing a distorted image in our collective psyche. Stigma is used to identify and expose something abnormal about an individual (Goffman, 1963). However some are critical of the stigma framework and argue that it is too individualistic. If we study the collective discriminatory practices which cause exclusion for many people with mental illness, such as poverty and labour market disadvantage, then strategies for change may be easier to develop (Pilgrim, 2005). Layard (2005) identified mental health as our biggest social problem. It is not just a major health concern, it is a political issue. With such high numbers of people affecte d my mental illness, the costs to the economy are significant. Tackling stigmatization is an essential step in improving the lives of those affected. This involves inclusion of groups themselves, as only those with the knowledge and experience cans suggest what is right for them.

David Henry Hwangs M Butterfly Essay example -- David Henry Hwang M B

David Henry Hwang's M Butterfly "I've played out the events of my life night after night, always searching for a new ending to my story, one where I will leave this cell and return forever to my Butterfly's arms." (Hwang 3.3.1-4) With these words of David Henry Hwang's play M Butterfly, we realize that we have just been staring directly into the memories of Rene Gallimard. The fact that Rene Gallimard serves as the narrator of his memories in the play M Butterfly delivers an impression of the character behind Gallimard than could ever be achieved by the viewing of the screenplay. The existence of Marc in the play as seen from Gallimard's perspective, the fact that Gallimard serves as the main organizer of ideas in the play, and the differing roles of Helga in the two works all lead to very different impressions and interpretations by the reader or viewer. Gallimard's narration seems to be the most obvious difference between the movie and the play. While reading the play, the audience has an opportunity to get to know the personality of Rene Gallimard, as well as his feelings about certain topics. Such insight can be very crucial in the impression that a character makes on an audience. Gallimard's persona is very evident in the opening lines of the play. He remarks initially about the dimensions of the cell, the atmosphere, and the living conditions. Immediately, this paints a picture for the reader that is very accurate physically, and the reader sees that Gallimard is straightforward, and says what he means without very much preamble. As the opening scenes develop, we also see the side of Gallimard that is the dreamer. Rene definitely has visions of perfection, and they are demonstrated when he remarks RAlone in this cell, I sit night after night, watching our story play through my head, always searching for a new ending, one which redeems my honor , where she returns at last to my arms.S (1.3.7-11) Gallimard can be classified as a dreamer, and not only because he is confined to a prison cell for many years. He has a vision of how life is supposed to be, and feels rewarded when he conforms to a stereotype. For example, he says RI knew this little flower was waiting for me to call, and, as I wickedly refused to do so, I felt the first time that rush of power -- the absolute power of a man.... ... creation necessary to construct the story of the play while the movie simply feeds the audience with information. In conclusion, the audienceUs perception of Rene Gallimard is much different in the play M Butterfly than in the movie of the same title. Although David Henry Hwang wrote both the play and the screenplay, the character development is far greater in the play. The reader must create a picture of Gallimard by his impressions, reactions, and interactions with characters from his past that simply do not exist in the movie. Marc, Gallimard's best friend from school, does not exist in the movie, but is the voice inside GallimardUs head throughout the play. Helga, who exists in both works, has much more bearing in the book, again shaping the readerUs impression of the kind of man that Gallimard really is. The fact that the play employs a narrator and the movie does not leads the reader down a different path, especially when the narrator is Rene Gallimard himself. The human mind is one that is capable of creating its own world. When viewing the movie, one sees a sense of Rene GallimardUs world. When reading the play, one understands his world.

Wendell berry, “that distant land”

In Wendell Berry’s short story â€Å"That Distant Land,† the narrator returns to his rural childhood home to help tend his dying grandfather and gets back in touch not only with the land, but with the work of tobacco farming. The story conveys not only a love for the land, but also insights to how farming as a vocation attests to farmers’ special qualities. Though the narrator has lived and worked in an unnamed city for years, he returns to take care of his elderly grandfather and assist with running his tobacco farm.Though forced to return to the country, he speaks of it with reverence and without seeming to miss city life; there is clearly no sense of the city’s superiority, and he never looks down on farmers as ignorant, backward, or any other derogatory trait. Much of the story focuses on the tobacco harvest, in which neighboring farmers help each other cut and load the year’s crops. Here, Berry gives clear insights on the vocation of farming an d sees it as rather noble in its own way, and very distinct from white-collar careers. First, he sees his neighbors’ work as a craft, even an art: â€Å". . .[They] worked well, as smoothly and precisely as dancers. To see them moving side by side against the standing crop . . . was momentous and beautiful, and touchingly, touchingly mortal† (315). They also approach the work seriously but without formality or decorum; the men are free to be themselves yet are valued for their hard work and skill. Often, they sing or tell stories as they go, working steadily but without a sense of pressure or dislike for their labor. They seem at one with the land and each other, and while they could make it competitive, they refrain from this, which shows a degree of respect for the older, slower-moving men.In this capacity, even elderly Jarrat is valued; as he says of himself, â€Å"I’m old and wore out and not worth a damn. But every row I cut is a cut row† (314), mean ing that while he can no longer compete, he can still contribute, and he is respected for this. A strong sense of community guides this, allowing anyone who can contribute to do so and declaring no one redundant if they can work. The narrator finds that while his presence is welcomed, he is also kept in his place by older men, who subtly remind him that he lacks not only his grandfather’s age, but also the wisdom and experience that accompany it.When he wears a pair of his grandfather’s shoes to the fields one day, an older neighbor sidles up in a friendly manner and tells him, â€Å"making the truth plain and bearable to us both: ‘You can wear ‘em, honey. But you can’t fill ‘em’† (316). Here, he realizes that, despite his education and former white-collar career, he is not his grandfather’s equal, since his grandfather’s lifelong success as a farmer speaks volumes about the differences between the two men. In farmin g, skill and longevity matter most.When the narrator’s grandfather dies, it reveals not only his neighbors’ affection for him, but also attests to the kind of leadership that exists among farmers. Age is the key to the hierarchy, not education or other non-essential attributes, since longevity at the vocation attests to one’s success. The grandfather had been the town’s oldest male; upon his death, the mantle of leadership passed to the oldest survivor without any discussion. The narrator describes the moment when they learn of his grandfather’s passing: â€Å"We were, I realized, waiting on Jarrat.It was Elton’s farm, but Jarrat was now the oldest man, and we were waiting on him† (318). They seem to instinctively equate age with experience and authority. The story shows farming not as drudgery, but as a strongly communal activity, almost as an art. It bonds people to the land and each other in a non-competitive way and respects age a nd experience as much as hard work, and it gives those engaged in it a sense of perspective and where they belong within their community. Berry, Wendell. That Distant Land. Washington DC: Shoemaker Hoard, 2004.

Classic British and American Essays and Speeches

From the works and musings of Walt  Witman to those of Virginia Woolf, some of the cultural heroes and prolific artists of prose are listed below--along with some of the worlds greatest essays and speeches  ever composed by these British and American literary treasures. George Ade (1866-1944) George Ade was an America playwright, newspaper columnist and humorist whose greatest recognition was Fables in Slang (1899), a satire that explored the colloquial vernacular of America. Ade eventually succeeded in doing what he set out to do: Make America laugh. The Difference Between Learning and Learning How:In due time the Faculty gave the Degree of M.A. to what was left of Otis and still his Ambition was not satisfied.Luxuries: About sixty-five per cent of all the people in the world think they are getting along great when they are not starving to death.Vacations: The planet you are now visiting may be the only one you ever see. Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) American activist Susan B. Anthony crusaded for the womens suffrage movement, making way for the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution in 1920, giving women the right to vote. Anthony is principally known for the six-volume History of Woman Suffrage.   On Womens Right to Vote: The only question left to be settled now is: Are women persons? Robert Benchley (1889-1945) The writings of American humorist, actor and drama critic Robert Benchley are considered his best achievement. His socially awkward, slightly confused persona allowed him to write about the inanity of the world to great effect. Advice to Writers: A terrible plague of insufferably artificial and affected authorsBusiness Letters: As it stands now things are pretty black for the boy.Christmas Afternoon: Done in the Manner, If Not in the Spirit of DickensDo Insects Think?: It really was more like a child of our own than a wasp, except that it looked more like a wasp than a child of our own.The Most Popular Book of the Month: In practice, the book is not flawless. There are five hundred thousand names, each with a corresponding telephone number. Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) British novelist and short-story writer Joseph Conrad rendered about the tragedy of loneliness at sea and became known for his colorful, rich descriptions about the sea and other exotic places. He is regarded as one of the greatest English novelists of all time. Outside Literature: A sea voyage would have done him good. But it was I who went to sea--this time bound to Calcutta. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) American Frederick Douglass great oratory and literary skills helped him to  become the first African-American citizen to hold high office in the US government. He was one of the 19th centurys most prominent human rights activist, and his autobiography, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1882), became an American literary classic. The Destiny of Colored Americans:  Slavery is the peculiar weakness of America, as well as its peculiar crime.A Glorious Resurrection: My long-crushed spirit rose. W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963) W.E.B. Du Bois was an American scholar and human rights activist, a respected author and historian of literature. His literature and studies analyzed the unreachable depths of American racism. Du Bois seminal work is a collection of 14 essays titled The Souls of Black Folk (1903).   Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others: Mr. Washington represents in Negro thought the old attitude of adjustment and submission.Of the Passing of the First-Born: He knew no color-line, poor dear--and the Veil, though it shadowed him, had not yet darkened half his sun. F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) Known foremost for his novel The Great Gatsby, American novelist and short-story writer F. Scott Fitzgerald was also a renown playboy and had a tumultuous life compounded by alcoholism and depression. Only after his death did he become known as a preeminent American literary author.   What I Think and Feel at 25: The main thing is to be your own kind of a darn fool. Ben Hecht  (1894-1964) American novelist, short-story writer and playwright Ben Hecht is remembered as one of Hollywoods greatest screenplay writers and may best be remembered for Scarface, Wuthering Heights and Guys and Dolls. Fog Patterns: Yes, we are all lost and wandering in the thick mists. We have no destinations.Letters: You would see a procession of mysterious figures flitting through the streets, an unending swarm of dim ones, queer ones. Ernest Hemingway  (1899-1961) American novelist Ernest Hemingway won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature for his mastery of the art of narrative ... and for the influence he has exerted on contemporary style as demonstrated in his brilliant novel The Old Man and the Sea. American Bohemians in Paris: The scum of Greenwich Village, New York, has been skimmed off and deposited in large  ladles  on that section of Paris adjacent to the Cafà © Rotonde.Camping Out: Any man of average office intelligence can make at least as good a pie as his wife. Martin Luther King Jr.  (1929-1968) Civil rights activist and minister Martin Luther King Jr., winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, may be best known for I Have A Dream, in which he wrote about love, peace, nonviolent activism and equality between all races. I Have a Dream: Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children.Reading Quiz on I Have a DreamTen Things You Should Know About Dr. Kings I Have a Dream Speech Jack London  (1876-1916) Nineteenth-century American author and journalist Jack London is best known for his adventures White Fang and The Call of the Wild. London published more than 50 books over the last 16 years of his life, including John Barleycorn, which was somewhat of a memoir about his lifelong battle with alcohol. The Somnambulists: [T]his archdeceiver believes all that they tell him. He reads only the newspapers and magazines that tell him what he wants to be told.The Story of an Eyewitness: The San Francisco Earthquake: Not in history has a modern imperial city been so completely destroyed.Reading Quiz on The San Francisco EarthquakeWhat Life Means to Me: I accepted that up above me was all that was fine and noble and gracious, all that gave decency and dignity to life. H.L. Mencken  (1880-1956) American journalist, activist and editor H.L. Mencken was also a very influential literary critic. His columns were popular not only for their literary criticism, but also for their questioning of popular political, social and cultural views. The Hills of Zion: Dayton was having a roaring time. It was better than the circus.The Libido for the Ugly: Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty.Literature and the  Schoolmam: The essence of a sound style is that it cannot be reduced to rules.The Lower Depths: The worst idiots, even among pedagogues, are the teachers of English.Portrait of an Ideal World: All the great villainies of history have been perpetrated by sober men, and chiefly by teetotalers. Christopher Morley  (1890-1957) American writer Christopher Morley was popular for his literary columns in the New York Evening Post, among other literary magazines. His many collections of essays and columns were lighthearted, vigorous displays of the English language.    1100 Words: Let us be brief, crisp, packed with thought.The Art of Walking: Sometimes it seems as though literature were a co-product of legs and head.A Morning in Marathon: [W]e flashed onto the Hackensack marshes and into the fully minted gold of superb morning.On Going to Bed: The happier creatures ... take the tide of sleep at the flood and are borne calmly and with gracious gentleness out to great waters of nothingness. George Orwell  (1903-1950) This British novelist, essayist and critic is best known for his novels 1984 and Animal Farm. George Orwells disdain for imperialism (he considered himself an anarchist) guided him in his life as well as through some of his writings. A Hanging: We all began laughing again. ... The dead man was a hundred yards away.Why Are Beggars Despised?: A beggar, looked at realistically, is simply a businessman, getting his living. Dorothy Parker  (1893-1967) Witty American poet and short-story writer Dorothy Parker began as an editorial assistant at Vogue and eventually became the book reviewer known as the Constant Reader for The New Yorker. Among her hundreds of works, Parker won the 1929 O. Henry Award for her short story Big Blond. Good Souls: They are fated to go through life, congenial pariahs. They live out their little lives, mingling with the world, yet never a part of it.Mrs. Post Enlarges on Etiquette: As one delves deeper and deeper into  Etiquette, disquieting thoughts come. Bertrand Russell  (1872-1970) British philosopher and social reformer Bertrand Russell won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950 in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought. Russell was one of the foremost philosophers of the 20th century. In Praise of Idleness: The road to happiness and prosperity lies in an organized diminution of work. Margaret Sanger  (1879-1966) American activist Margaret Sanger was a sex educator, nurse and womens rights advocate. She began the first feminist publication, The Woman Rebel, in 1914.    The Turbid Ebb and Flow of Misery: My own cozy and comfortable family existence  was  becoming a reproach to me. George Bernard Shaw  (1856-1950) An Irish dramatist and critic, George Bernard Shaw was also a socialist propagandist and winner of the 1925 Nobel Prize in Literature (which he didnt receive until 1926) for his work which is marked by both idealism and beauty. Shaw wrote more than 60 plays during his lifetime. Preface to  Pygmalion: It is impossible for an Englishman to open his mouth without making some other Englishman hate or despise him.She Would Have Enjoyed It: Why does a funeral always sharpen ones sense of humor?Why Law Is Indispensable: Laws deaden the conscience of individuals by relieving them of responsibility.The Art of Political Lying: Considering that natural disposition in many men to lie, and in multitudes to believe, I have been perplexed what to do with that maxim so frequent in everybodys mouth, that truth will at last prevail.Hints Toward an Essay on Conversation: This degeneracy of conversation ... hath been owing, among other causes, to the custom arisen, for sometime past, of excluding women from any share in our society.A Meditation Upon a Broomstick: But a broomstick is an emblem of a tree standing on its head. Henry David Thoreau  (1817-1862) American essayist, poet and philosopher Henry David Thoreau is most known for his masterful work, Walden, about living a life close to nature. He was a dedicated abolitionist and a strong practitioner of civil disobedience. The Battle of the Ants: I never learned which party was victorious, nor the cause of the war.The Landlord: If we do not look up to the Landlord, we look round for him on all emergencies, for he is a man of infinite experience, who unites hands with wit.The Last Days of John Brown: [T]he one great rule of composition--and if I were a professor of rhetoric I should insist on this--is, to  speak the truth. James Thurber  (1894-1961) American author and illustrator James Thurber is best known for his contributions to The New Yorker. Via his contributions to the magazine, his cartoons became some of the most popular in the United States. The Subjunctive Mood: Husbands are suspicious of all subjunctives. Wives should avoid them.Which: Never monkey with which. Anthony Trollope  (1815-1882) British author Anthony Trollope is best known for his writing in the Victorian Era--some of his work includes a series of novels known as The Chronicles of Barsetshire. Trollope also wrote on political, social and gender issues. The Plumber: The plumber is doubtless aware that he is odious. He feels himself, like Dickenss turnpike-man, to be the enemy of mankind. Mark Twain  (1835-1910) Mark Twain was an American humorist, journalist, lecturer and novelist best known for his classic American novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. With his wit and grand telling of tales, Twain is nothing short of an American national treasure.   Advice to Youth: Always obey your parents, when they are present.Corn-Pone Opinions: Tell me whar a man gits his  corn pone, en Ill tell you what his pinions  is.The Danger of Lying in Bed: The danger isnt in traveling by rail, but in trusting to those deadly beds.A Fable: You can find in a text whatever you bring.Fenimore Coopers Literary Offences: Deerslayer  is just simply a literary delirium tremens.The Lowest Animal: [W]e have descended and degenerated ... till we have reached the bottom stage of development.On the Decay of the Art of Lying: Lying is universal: we all do it; we all must do it.Two Ways of Seeing a River: All the grace, the beauty, the poetry had gone out of the majestic river!Unconscious Plagiarism: [P]ride protects a man from deliberately stealing other peoples ideas. H.G. Wells  (1866-1944) British author and historian H.G. Wells is best known for his works of science fiction, including The Time Machine, The First Men in the Moon and The War of the Worlds. Wells wrote an astounding 161 full-length books.   For Freedom of Spelling: The Discovery of an Art: Why should correct spelling be the one absolutely essential literary merit?Of Conversation: An Apology: I am no blowfly to buzz my way through the universe.The Pleasure of Quarrelling: Without  quarreling  you have not fully appreciated your fellow-man.The Possible Collapse of Civilisation: Modern warfare is an insanity, not a sane business proposition.The Writing of Essays: The art of the essayist ... may be learnt in a brief ten minutes or so. Walt Whitman  (1819-1892) American poet and journalist Walt Whitmans verse collection Leaves of Grass is an American literature landmark. Ralph Waldo Emerson praised the collection as the most extraordinary piece of wit and wisdom America had yet contributed. A Glimpse of Wars Hell Scenes: There was no exultation, very little said, almost nothing, yet every man there contributed his shot.Slang in America: Language in the largest sense ... is really the greatest of studies.Street Yarn: Come and walk in New York streets. Virginia Woolf  (1882-1941) British author Virginia Woolf  may be best known for her modernist classics Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse. But she also produced feminist texts such as A Room of Ones Own and Three Guineas and wrote pioneering essays on the politics of power, artistic theory and literary history. The Decay of Essay Writing: Under the decent veil of print one can indulge ones egoism to the full.The Modern Essay: The essay must lap us about and draw its curtain across the world.The Patron and the Crocus: Be sure you choose your patron wisely.Street Haunting: A London Adventure: Into each of these lives one could penetrate a little way.Writing for My Eye Only: I can trace some increase of ease in my professional writing which I attribute to my casual half hours after tea.